This includes programmers who might consider C.

In.struct: The structure of this documentĪll C++ programmers.

The aim is to help C++ programmers to write simpler, more efficient, more maintainable code. This is a set of core guidelines for modern C++ (currently C++20 and C++17) taking likely future enhancements and ISO Technical Specifications (TSs) into account. We plan to modify and extend this document as our understanding improves and the language and the set of available libraries improve. We plan to build tools for that and hope others will too. The rules are meant for gradual introduction into a code base. One way of thinking about these guidelines is as a specification for tools that happens to be readable by humans. We do not expect you to memorize all the rules before trying to write code. Violations of rules will be flagged with references (or links) to the relevant rule. Many of the rules are designed to be supported by an analysis tool. Please remember that one purpose of a guideline is to help someone who is less experienced or coming from a different background or language to get up to speed. You will find some of the rules obvious or even trivial. In particular, we’d really like to have some of our rules backed up with measurements or better examples. If we haven’t suggested you change your coding style in any way, we have failed!

You will find some of the rules contrary to your expectations or even contrary to your experience. We expect to have to introduce more exceptions to better accommodate real-world needs. Our initial set of rules emphasizes safety (of various forms) and simplicity. However, no topic that can help a programmer is out of bounds. We are less concerned with low-level issues, such as naming conventions and indentation style. Such rules affect application architecture and library design.įollowing the rules will lead to code that is statically type safe, has no resource leaks, and catches many more programming logic errors than is common in code today.Īnd it will run fast – you can afford to do things right. The guidelines are focused on relatively high-level issues, such as interfaces, resource management, memory management, and concurrency. In other words, what would you like your code to look like in 5 years’ time, given that you can start now? In 10 years’ time? The aim of this document is to help people to use modern C++ effectively.īy “modern C++” we mean effective use of the ISO C++ standard (currently C++20, but almost all of our recommendations also apply to C++17, C++14 and C++11). This document is a set of guidelines for using C++ well. You can look at design concepts used to express the rules: You can sample rules for specific language features: FAQ: Answers to frequently asked questions.You can read an explanation of the scope and structure of this Guide or just jump straight in: For a more-or-less up-to-date to-do list see: To-do: Unclassified proto-rules.Update reference sections many pre-C++11 sources are too old.Triple question marks (?) mark known missing information.The sets of rules have not been completely checked for completeness, consistency, or enforceability.

When commenting, please note the introduction that outlines our aims and general approach.

We make this project available to “friendly users” to use, copy, modify, and derive from, hoping for constructive input.Ĭomments and suggestions for improvements are most welcome. See the accompanying LICENSE file for details. Had it been an open-source (code) project, this would have been release 0.8.Ĭopying, use, modification, and creation of derivative works from this project is licensed under an MIT-style license.Ĭontributing to this project requires agreeing to a Contributor License. This is a living document under continuous improvement.

Lifetime tables 48 inch round